Background Infertility is a reproductive health problem with significant impact on individual and family harmony. Tubal factor is the highest contributor to female infertility in our sub-region. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) contributes significantly to tubal damage and subsequent delay in conception. Repeated Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) insult is the commonest cause of tubal damage. There have been conflicting reports on the role of this organism in the aetiology of tubal factor infertility (TFI). Determination of serological evidence of prior CT infection and associated risk factors in Umuahia will enhance the management of the infertile couple. Aim This study aimed at determining serological evidence of prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection among patients with TFI and establishing the associated risk factors. Materials and method This was a cross-sectional study in which 104 subjects were recruited from the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia. Fifty-two (52) women with a diagnosis of TFI as seen on hysterosalpingogram (cases) and another 52 age-matched women with uncomplicated second trimester pregnancy (controls) were recruited. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to extract relevant socio-demographic data. Venous blood samples were then collected for quantitative anti- CT immunoglobulin-G antibody titres. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant at 95% confidence interval.