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ASSESSMENT OF STEROID RESPONSE AMONG ADULT PATIENTS ON TOPICAL STEROIDS AT ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHING HOSPITAL, PARKLANE ENUGU.

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Supervisor: Prof. (Mrs.) Ifeoma Ezegwui, and Dr. E.N Ekweremadu.
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 5
Year: 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Steroid induced or iatrogenic glaucoma is a leading drawback for an unchecked use of ocular corticosteroids therapy. The concentration, dose, duration and the time of onset varies among different steroid formulations. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of steroid response among non- glaucoma adult patients seen at the eye clinic of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane who were on prolonged topical steroid instillation as well as to determine the time to onset of intraocular pressure rise from baseline and compare responsiveness of topical Dexamethasone 0.1%, Betamethasone 0.1%, Prednisolone 0.12%. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross- sectional, observational and prospective hospital – based study involving patients on topical steroid therapy for a duration of at least six weeks. Consecutive patients were recruited from all subspecialty clinics if they had a diagnosis of an ocular condition requiring treatment with steroid eye drops and they were randomized to receive Dexamethasone 0.1%, Betamethasone 0.1% or Prednisolone 0.12%. Demographic data was obtained. Complete eye examination was carried out and baseline intraocular pressure was checked on day one prior to commencement of use of the topical steroid. Subsequently intraocular pressure was measured on days 14, 28 and 42. Data entered was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 (SPSS Inc. Chicago Illinois USA). Statistical tools such as percentage; mean statistics were derived while chi-square statistics was used to analyze the association between categories of steroid response with steroid formulations. RESULT: A total of 120 patients participated in the study but 23 patients were dropped out on account of missed eye drops. Out of 97 patients who completed their eye drop instillation as required, 50 patients had bilateral condition making the total number of eyes 147. Sixtyx eight out of 147 eyes responded to topical (Dexamethasone 0.1%, and Betamethasone 0.1% Prednisolone 0.12%) giving a prevalence of steroid response of 46.3%. Definitions for the Purpose of this Study: Prolonged Steroids: This is the instillation of topical corticosteroids in one or both eyes for a period of at least 6 weeks.16 Mild steroid response IOP rise of 1 < 6mmHg22 Moderate Steroid response IOP rise of 6 – 15mmHg22 High Steroid response IOP rise > 15 mmHg22 Out of the 3 steroid formulations, Dexamethasone exhibited the highest response [31 eyes (63.3%)].The test of association shows that there was a significant association (X2= 10.563, p=0.005) between steroid response and the type of steroid used among these eyes. Time of onset of response was within 2- 4 weeks of use. Majority of eyes (48 eyes (32.7%) exhibited a mild level of intraocular pressure rise of < 6mmHg.

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