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ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND TIME TRADE-OFF AMONG GLAUCOMA PATIENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT TEACHING HOSPITAL, PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA.

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Supervisor: DR. CHINYERE NNENNE PEDRO-EGBE, DR. ELIZABETH AWOYESUKU, AND PROFESSOR PRINCEWILL CHUKWUEMEKA STANLEY
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 5
Year: 2017

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the level of anxiety, depression and time trade-off quality of life among glaucoma patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Rivers State Nigeria. METHOD: This was a hospital-based cross sectional study conducted over five months with Ethical Clearance obtained from the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Ethics Committee. Subjects were selected using simple random sampling method. The study population was 299 glaucoma patients and the inclusion criteria was age 16 years or older with no history of coexisting ocular pathology or chronic systemic illness. Sociodemographic data were obtained through the administration of an interviewer-based structured proforma. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire and time trade-off utility questionnaire were also administered. Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy and slit-lamp examination using + 78 dioptre lens. Perimetry was done using a standard achromatic perimetry with a fast threshold central 24-2 strategy. Refraction for Best Corrected Visual Acuity was also carried out. Data obtained from the subjects were analysed using SPSS (Version 20), and p-value set at < 0.05. RESULT: Two hundred and ninety nine (299) subjects participated in the study. There were 141 males (47%) and 158 females (53%) giving a male: female ratio of 1:1.12. The age range was 20-86 years with a mean age of 53.61± 14.23 years. The relative frequency of anxiety i and depression were 37.5% and 34.1% respectively and 53 subjects (17.7%) had both anxiety and depression. Age, family history of glaucoma, source of financial support, previous membership of a Glaucoma Society, BCVA in the better and worst eye were all associated with anxiety on bivariate analysis. However, following logistic regression, positive family history (O.R=1.893;p = 0.019), previous membership of a Glaucoma Society (O.R=2.633;p-= 0.007) and worsening BCVA in the better eye (O.R=0.235;p-value=0.001) were predictive factors for anxiety. Age, gender, educational status, source of financial support, duration of glaucoma and Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) in the better eye were also significantly associated with depression on bivariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing in age of the subjects (O.R=0.774; p = 0.029), higher educational level (O.R=0.139; p = 0.001) and worsening BCVA in the better eye (O.R=4.865;p-value=0.001) were predictors for depression. Worsening BCVA in the better eye (p= 0.025) was shown to be the only predictive factor for lower TTO quality of life. TTO was also observed to have a significant inverse relationship with anxiety (r= -0.119; p = 0.040) and depression(r= -0.198; p = 0.001). This shows that as quality of life decreases, anxiety and depression worsen.

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