Nigeria bears a significant part of the burden of HIV infection in Sub-Saharan Africa and the world at large. With about half of people living with HIV infection being females in the reproductive age group, millions of babies are born yearly to HIV positive mothers. Regardless of their HIV status, infants of HIV positive mothers are a vulnerable group prone to adverse health outcomes such as malnutrition and haematologic abnormalities like anaemia and neutropenia which leave them HIV affected even when HIV uninfected. This study aimed to determine the anthropometric and haematologic indices of infants of HIV positive mothers and to compare with those of infants of HIV negative mothers and also to determine the feeding practices of the infants. This was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out from February 2017 to November 2017. A total of 270 infants aged six weeks to one year were recruited for the study and this included 90 infants of HIV positive mothers (45 HIV exposed infected (HEI) and 45 HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) and 180 infants of HIV negative mothers (HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU). Their anthropometric indices (weight for age (WAZ), length for age (LAZ) and weight for length (WLZ) Z scores were measured and their haematologic indices were assessed by performing a full blood count and reticulocyte count. The mean WAZ scores among the HEI, HEU and HUU infants were (-2.5±1.0 vs. –1.4±0.6 vs. - 0.4±0.1 respectively, p=0.00). The mean LAZ scores of the HEI, HEU and HUU infants were (- 3.2±1.2 vs. -0.8±0.3 vs. –0.6±0.3 respectively, p=0.00). The mean WLZ scores of the HEI, HEU and HUU infants were –1.4±0.6 vs. -0.7±0.3 vs. 0.3± 0.1 respectively, p=0.00. Exclusive breastfeeding was commonest among the HUU infants (61%) while exclusive replacement feeding and mixed feeding was most prevalent among the HEU (47%) and the HEI infants (62%) respectively. None of the HEI infants was still being breastfed while 64% and 90% of the HEU and HUU infants respectively were still on breast milk. The HEI infants had lower mean haemoglobin, total white blood cell counts and absolute neutrophil counts than the HEU and HUU infants (p=0.00, p=0.01, p=0.00 respectively). The haematologic indices of the HEU infants did not differ from that of HUU infants.