Aim: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and pattern of amblyopia and the associated risk factors in primary school children in Kosofe town, Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State in order to provide baseline data that may facilitate support for routine eye screening in primary schools in Kosofe Local Government Area of Lagos State. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out between 1st April and 30th September, 2014. Approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State Universal Basic Education Board and the Kosofe Local Government Education Authority. Consent was obtained from the parents or care givers and permission was taken from each child before examination. A multistage random sampling technique was employed in recruiting the children. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires by the parents or care-givers and from the examination proforma. The questionnaires were used to collect detailed information on the socio-economic characteristics of the mothers; the demographic characteristics; pregnancy, birth and early developmental history; past medical and ocular history; and family ocular history of the screened children. The children underwent visual acuity assessment, detailed ocular examination and refraction. Data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0 Inc., Chicago IL, USA).