INTRODUCTION: The incidence of preterm birth is increasing worldwide. Preterm birth is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality commonly associated with low birth weight and deficiency of lung surfactants in the newborn. These problems may be minimized via the use of a preterm birth prediction test such as the maternal cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test. AIM: To determine the role of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin testing as a predictor of spontaneous preterm birth in symptomatic pregnant women in a local setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS SETTING: This study was conducted at the obstetrics unit of the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), IleIfe, Osun state, Nigeria. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. METHOD: Pregnant women presenting with symptoms of preterm labor were recruited. An interviewer administered questionnaire was then filled and a sterile speculum vaginal examination was then performed to obtain a specimen of the subject’s cervicovaginal secretion using a sterile cotton swab. The subject was subsequently monitored till delivery and further data obtained. OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures are the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of fetal fibronectin test in predicting spontaneous preterm birth in symptomatic pregnant women.