Background Urinary tract infection following the use of indwelling urinary catheter is one of the most common infections acquired by patients in health care facilities. There is controversy about the ideal time to remove urethral catheter after caesarean delivery. Depending on individual or centre protocol, the urethral catheter may be retained for variable length of time ranging from 0 – 24 hours or more post-surgery. The duration of retention of the indwelling urethral catheter may influence the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Aim of the study To compare the incidence of urinary tract infection following immediate removal of urethral catheter with 24 hours removal post- caesarean section in National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria. Research method This study was a prospective comparative study of 138 women who had caesarean section at the obstetrics unit of National Hospital Abuja between September 2018 and January 2019. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups (n=69 in each group). Group 1 had removal of urinary catheter 4 hours after caesarean section while the Group 2 had removal of urinary catheter 24 hours after surgery. The two groups were evaluated at 72 hours post-operative period for clinical and bacteriological evidence of urinary tract infections – significant bacteriuria, fever, urinary frequency, urgency and dysuria. The patients’ data were coded, computed and analyzed using the computer Software Package for Social Science version 23. A P-value of <0.05 was considered significant.