Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest female cancer and the leading cause of gynecological cancer related morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Cervical cancer is preventable by detection and treatment of cervical cancer precursors through screening. Six week post natal visit presents an opportunity to screen women. Aim/objective: To compare the prevalence and pattern of abnormal cervical cytology between postnatal clinic attendees and other non-pregnant women at UNTH Enugu, Nigeria. Study design and sample selection: This was a cross-sectional analytical study of 2 groups of eligible consenting women. Group A (study group) were 173 women attending the routine six weeks postnatal clinic. Group B (control group) were 173 non-pregnant women attending gynaecological clinic and/or family planning clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Participants in each group were selected using the systematic random sampling method. Pap smear results were compared between the 2 groups using SPSS version 17. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was both descriptive and inferential at 95% confidence level. Continuous variables were analyzed using the mean where appropriate. Proportions were compared using and Pearson’s Chi-square. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.